Did You Know? Zero Emissions Vehicle Mandates in the U.S.

To tackle the climate crisis, governments all over the world are coming up with plans and regulations for increased electrification of the automobile market. With exhaust fumes contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, this is an important step in phasing out internal combustion engines, reducing exposure to harmful air pollutants, and protecting our environment.

Federal and State Targets

The mandates and regulations to meet electrification targets are many. In the U.S., they include state and federal consumer incentives such as tax credits when buying an EV, and investment in charging point infrastructure — making sure there are enough charging units available across the country. President Biden has set a goal of 50% of newly manufactured cars being EVs by 2030.

California Leads the Way

The frontrunner in the electrification race is California, whose governor is aiming for 100% ZEV sales by 2035 — well above the federal target. To achieve this, California's Air Resources Board (ARB) developed the Advanced Clean Cars (ACC) program, laying out strict rules for what car manufacturers can and cannot produce.

To comply, California car manufacturers must produce progressively more electric vehicles each year, with a 22% target for 2025 and 68% for 2030. Manufacturers earn credits for each EV they produce and deliver for sale. The credit amount depends on battery range and vehicle type — the "purer" the vehicle, the more credits are awarded. Manufacturers that fall short of their credit requirements are fined.

Environmental Justice Credits

In 2021, the ARB introduced the Environmental Justice (EJ) credit to help manufacturers meet their targets. As the first wave of new ZEVs near the end of their initial lease periods, they will become available as less expensive secondhand vehicles. By stimulating the sale of used electric cars, the ARB is making EVs more accessible to lower-income workers — making California's all-electric future more realistic for everyone.

Other States Following California's Lead

California's plans have inspired eight other states to adopt the same regulations: Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Vermont. These states have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and formed the Multi-State Zero Emissions Vehicle Task Force, which develops Action Plans to help each state meet its clean transportation targets.